John Lockes Influence On Voltaire And Rousseau
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The Enlightenment: Crash Course European History #18
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He emphasized in his work the importance of tolerance, especially religious tolerance. Skip to content Lifehacks. March 3, Joe Ford. He died in Locke never married nor had children. Petersburg, Russia. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa. Contrary to Cartesian philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perceptions.
It is divided into the First Treatise and the Second Treatise. The First Treatise is focused on the refutation of Sir Robert Filmer, in particular his Patriarcha , which argued that civil society was founded on a divinely sanctioned patriarchalism. The Second Treatise outlines a theory of civil society. He goes on to explain the hypothetical rise of property and civilization, in the process explaining that the only legitimate governments are those that have the consent of the people.
Therefore, any government that rules without the consent of the people can, in theory, be overthrown. Unlike Hobbes, Locke believed that human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance. Similarly to Hobbes, he assumed that the sole right to defend in the state of nature was not enough, so people established a civil society to resolve conflicts in a civil way with help from government in a state of society.
However, Locke never refers to Hobbes by name and may instead have been responding to other writers of the day. He also advocated governmental separation of powers, and believed that revolution is not only a right but an obligation in some circumstances. Enlightenment thinkers sought to curtail the political power of organized religion, and thereby prevent another age of intolerant religious war. Enlightenment philosophers John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all developed theories of government in which some or even all the people would govern. These thinkers had a profound effect on the American and French revolutions and the democratic governments that they produced.
The Enlightenment is all over the US constitution. Montesquieu believed in the separation of power with checks and balances. Checks and balances are put in place to ensure that no one branch of government has too much power. The Bill Of Rights was influenced by many enlightenment thinkers. The main thinkers were Rousseau, Voltaire, and Beccaria. There are Ten Amendments in the Bill of Rights that state what your natural rights are. John Locke 29 August — 28 October was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers, especially concerning the development of political philosophy.
His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, but most importantly, the American revolutionaries.
