Civil Rights Movement Causes
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Causes of the Civil Rights Movement
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This renewed racial situation in the South possessed several mechanisms, including poll taxes and reading exams that prohibited black people from voting. Another mechanism was Jim Crow laws, a phenomenon present throughout the South that kept races segregated in public spaces, such as restaurants, bathrooms, train cars and movie theatres. Until , this legal disparity was justified by the "separate but equal" doctrine, a framework the Supreme Court threw out that year. During the next decades, black and white activists called increasing attention to the severe social injustice surrounding segregation by participating in marches, sit-ins and freedom rides.
Many of his ideas on nonviolence were fashioned on the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi in India. In , King was assassinated by James Earl Ray. It is known that Ray was against racial integration, but the exact motivation for the murder has never been determined. Share Flipboard Email. Martin Kelly. History Expert. Martin Kelly, M. Updated November 20, Cite this Article Format. Kelly, Martin. Watch Now: Overview of Segregation. Civil Rights Movement Timeline From to Biography of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. Birmingham Campaign: History, Issues, and Legacy. In June , he proposed the most far reaching civil rights legislation to date, saying the U.
The House approved the bill with bipartisan support but when it moved to the Senate, a seventy-five day filibuster ensued. Finally, the Senate voted 73—27 in favor of the bill and President Johnson signed the bill into law on July 2, Americans of every race and color have worked to build a nation of widening opportunities. Now our generation of Americans has been called on to continue the unending search for justice within our own borders. We believe that all men are created equal. Yet many are denied equal treatment. In March , on a bridge outside Selma, Alabama, a second phase of the revolution was born. Civil and human rights activists, including many young people, took to the streets in a peaceful protest for voting rights for African-Americans.
They were met with clubs and violence. But the activists did not face attacks on their march in vain. Television brought this conflict of angry violence against peaceful, moral protest into living rooms across America. Five days later, President Johnson announced to a joint session of Congress that he would bring them an effective voting rights bill. He—and we—did overcome. On August 6, , President Johnson signed into law the Voting Rights Act, hailed by many as the most effective civil rights law ever.
The Voting Rights Act of was designed to address the disenfranchisement of people of color, especially African Americans, from voting. It prohibits discrimination based on race, and requires certain jurisdictions to provide bilingual assistance to language minority voters. Section 2 of the Act, which bars the use of voting practices or procedures that discriminate against minority voters, has been used successfully to attack discrimination in voting including restrictive voter registration requirements, districting plans that dilute minority voting strength, discriminatory annexations, and the location of polling places at sites inaccessible to minority voters. The Act also provides the Department of Justice with the authority to appoint federal observers and examiners to monitor elections to ensure that they are conducted fairly.
Initial enforcement efforts targeted, among other things, literacy tests, poll taxes, and discriminatory registration practices. In , the Voting Rights Act was amended to address the voting rights of language minority groups. Sections 4 and of the Act apply in jurisdictions with significant numbers of voters with limited or no English proficiency and require such jurisdictions to provide voting materials and assistance in relevant languages in addition to English.
In President Lyndon Johnson failed to persuade Congress to pass a civil rights bill with a fair housing provision. The assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. On April 11, , President Lyndon B. Johnson signed into law the Civil Rights Act of —popularly known as the Fair Housing Act —which prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of dwellings based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
It also contained anti-riot provisions and protected persons exercising specific rights—such as attending school or serving on a jury—as well as civil rights workers urging others to exercise these rights. When originally passed in , the Act only covered four protective classes: race, color, religion, and national origin. Sex was added as a protective class in In , disability and familial status were included as protective classes as well. Skip Navigation. Expand search Search. Anti-Bias Education. Sections About the Movement Brown v. About the Movement. Civil Rights Movement in Pictures. Brown v. Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration. Protest march against the segregation of U. Louis, MO, Related Teaching Resources.
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