White Lies Definition
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What Happens When You Tell White Lies
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The film is currently unavailable for digital purchase. In , James Cameron stated that a new transfer for Blu-ray has been completed, but he hasn't found time to review it. In April , Arnold Schwarzenegger and Tom Arnold met with Cameron and discussed the possibility of an eventual True Lies sequel, which would also bring back Curtis in her role. At the time, Cameron was busy working on Titanic. Schwarzenegger and Arnold were expected to reprise their roles. Cameron planned to produce True Lies 2 with Fox, but was undecided at that time on whether he would also direct it, as he wanted to wait until the script was complete.
By March , the script had been completed, and Curtis was confirmed to reprise her role alongside Schwarzenegger and Arnold. We have a good script. There does need to be some changes because it deals with some terrorist act of some sort. But it's pretty much done. I just can't see it happening given the current world climate. It was a very important moment in the movie, and he felt like he can't do that and therefore has to rewrite it These things take a long time. They never were, but, it was distant enough from our psyche that we could make it funny. It'll never be funny again. I just think that that is over, that kind of humor is over.
Arnold said the project would include the return of Schwarzenegger and that filming would begin once his role as California governor was concluded. In that film, the character had starred in True Lies and is pursued by a fan and teams up with Henry Winkler and Linda Hamilton to make a sequel; Schwarzenegger and Curtis cameo as themselves. Shortly after the film's release, video games based on the film of the same name were released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Sega Genesis , Game Gear and Game Boy platforms. In , Fox planned to do a pilot of the series, with Marc Guggenheim as screenwriter, McG as executive producer and possible director. James Cameron , director of the film, will executive produce with Rae Sanchini through Lightstorm Entertainment.
McG is set to direct the pilot and executive produce via Wonderland. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the film. For the video game, see True Lies video game. For the album, see True Lies album. For the song, see True Lies song. James Cameron Randall Frakes. James Cameron Stephanie Austin. Lightstorm Entertainment. Release date. July 15, Running time. Brad Fiedel and various artists. United International Pictures.
British Board of Film Classification. August 9, Archived from the original on October 4, Retrieved October 1, Los Angeles Times , [internet] July The Washington Post , [internet] July Accessed July 24, Electronic Gaming Monthly. Sendai Publishing. August Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on February 26, Retrieved February 27, AMA 2. Archived from the original on 25 December Retrieved 21 January Entertainment Weekly.
Archived from the original on 16 March Retrieved 15 March Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on February 4, Retrieved February 2, The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 16, Retrieved January 16, Archived from the original on Alaska Structures. Archived from the original on 30 January Retrieved 29 January Channel on the new 20th Century Fox Fanfare - June, ! Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on November 27, Retrieved February 21, CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 2, Retrieved Hannah Arendt spoke about extraordinary cases in which an entire society is being lied to consistently.
She said that the consequences of such lying are "not that you believe the lies, but rather that nobody believes anything any longer. This is because lies, by their very nature, have to be changed, and a lying government has constantly to rewrite its own history. On the receiving end you get not only one lie — a lie which you could go on for the rest of your days — but you get a great number of lies, depending on how the political wind blows. The question of whether lies can be detected reliably through nonverbal means is a subject of some controversy.
Polygraph " lie detector " machines measure the physiological stress a subject endures in a number of measures while giving statements or answering questions. Spikes in stress indicators are purported to reveal lying. The accuracy of this method is widely disputed. In several well-known cases, application of the technique was proven to have been deceived. Nonetheless, it remains in use in many areas, primarily as a method for eliciting confessions or employment screening. The unreliability of polygraph results are the basis of such evaluations not being admissible as court evidence and, generally, the technique is perceived to be pseudoscience. A recent study found that composing a lie takes longer than telling the truth and thus, the time taken to answer a question may be used as a method of lie detection, [35] however, it also has been shown that instant answers with a lie may be proof of a prepared lie.
A recommendation provided to resolve that contradiction is to try to surprise the subject and find a midway answer, not too quick, nor too long. Utilitarian philosophers have supported lies that achieve good outcomes — white lies. Stanford Law professor Deborah L. Rhode articulated three rules she says ethicists generally agree distinguish "white lies" from harmful lies or cheating: [39]. Aristotle believed no general rule on lying was possible, because anyone who advocated lying could never be believed, he said. Augustine , St.
Thomas Aquinas , and Immanuel Kant , condemned all lying, [37] Thomas Aquinas did advance an argument for lying, however. According to all three, there are no circumstances in which, ethically, one may lie. Even if the only way to protect oneself is to lie, it is never ethically permissible to lie even in the face of murder, torture, or any other hardship.
Each of these philosophers gave several arguments for the ethical basis against lying, all compatible with each other. Among the more important arguments are:. In Lying , neuroscientist Sam Harris argues that lying is negative for the liar and the person who's being lied to. To say lies is to deny others access to reality, and often we cannot anticipate how harmful lies can be. The ones we lie to may fail to solve problems they could have solved only on a basis of good information.
To lie also harms oneself, makes the liar distrust the person who's being lied to. Harris asserts that honesty allows one to have deeper relationships and to bring all dysfunction in one's life to the surface. In Human, All Too Human , philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche suggested that those who refrain from lying may do so only because of the difficulty involved in maintaining lies.
This is consistent with his general philosophy that divides or ranks people according to strength and ability; thus, some people tell the truth only out of weakness. Possession of the capacity to lie among non-humans has been asserted during language studies with great apes. In one instance, the gorilla Koko , when asked who tore a sink from the wall, pointed to one of her handlers and then laughed. Deceptive body language, such as feints that mislead as to the intended direction of attack or flight, is observed in many species. A mother bird deceives when she pretends to have a broken wing to divert the attention of a perceived predator — including unwitting humans — from the eggs in her nest, instead to her, as she draws the predator away from the location of the nest, most notably a trait of the killdeer.
It is asserted that the capacity to lie is a talent human beings possess universally. The evolutionary theory proposed by Darwin states that only the fittest will survive and by lying, we aim to improve other's perception of our social image and status, capability, and desirability in general. Scientific studies have shown differences in forms of lying across gender. Although men and women lie at equal frequencies, men are more likely to lie in order to please themselves while women are more likely to lie to please others. Those with Parkinson's disease show difficulties in deceiving others, difficulties that link to prefrontal hypometabolism. This suggests a link between the capacity for dishonesty and integrity of prefrontal functioning. Pseudologia fantastica is a term applied by psychiatrists to the behavior of habitual or compulsive lying.
Mythomania is the condition where there is an excessive or abnormal propensity for lying and exaggerating. A recent study found that composing a lie takes longer than telling the truth. Some people believe that they are convincing liars, however in many cases, they are not. Various passages of the Bible feature exchanges that assert lying is immoral and wrong Prov. Other passages feature descriptive not prescriptive exchanges where lying was committed in extreme circumstances involving life and death, however, most Christian philosophers would argue that lying is never acceptable, but that even those who are righteous in God's eyes sin sometimes. Old Testament accounts of lying include: [63]. In the Day of Judgement, unrepentant liars will be punished in the lake of fire.
From his text, it can be derived that St. Augustine divided lies into eight categories, listed in order of descending severity:. Despite distinguishing between lies according to their external severity, Augustine maintains in both treatises that all lies, defined precisely as the external communication of what one does not hold to be internally true, are categorically sinful and therefore, ethically impermissible.
Augustine wrote that lies told in jest, or by someone who believes or opines the lie to be true are not, in fact, lies. The fourth of the five Buddhist precepts involves falsehood spoken or committed to by action. The fourth precept includes avoidance of lying and harmful speech. Zoroaster teaches that there are two powers in the universe; Asha , which is truth, order, and that which is real, and Druj , which is "the Lie".
Later on, the Lie became personified as Angra Mainyu , a figure similar to the Christian Devil , who was portrayed as the eternal opponent of Ahura Mazda God. Herodotus , in his mid-fifth-century BC account of Persian residents of the Pontus , reports that Persian youths, from their fifth year to their twentieth year, were instructed in three things — "to ride a horse, to draw a bow, and to speak the Truth". In Achaemenid Persia , the lie, drauga in Avestan: druj , is considered to be a cardinal sin and it was punishable by death in some extreme cases.
Tablets discovered by archaeologists in the s [83] at the site of Persepolis give us adequate evidence about the love and veneration for the culture of truth during the Achaemenian period. These tablets contain the names of ordinary Persians, mainly traders and warehouse-keepers. It was Darius the Great who laid down the "ordinance of good regulations" during his reign.
Darius' testimony about his constant battle against the Lie is found in the Behistun Inscription. He testifies: [86] "I was not a lie-follower, I was not a doer of wrong According to righteousness I conducted myself. Neither to the weak or to the powerful did I do wrong. The man who cooperated with my house, him I rewarded well; who so did injury, him I punished well. He asks Ahuramazda , God, to protect the country from "a hostile army, from famine, from the Lie". Darius had his hands full dealing with large-scale rebellion which broke out throughout the empire. After fighting successfully with nine traitors in a year, Darius records his battles against them for posterity and tells us how it was the Lie that made them rebel against the empire.
At the Behistun inscription, Darius says: "I smote them and took prisoner nine kings. One, Acina by name, an Elamite; he lied; thus he said: I am king in Elam The Lie made them rebellious, so that these men deceived the people. May my country be secure! It is present at the ends of long bones and in the interior of most flat bones. Tissue of the notochord or derived from it. The nucleus pulposus is derived from the notochord. Tissue that supports and connects other tissues and parts of the body. Connective tissue has comparatively few cells.
Its bulk consists of intercellular substance or matrix, whose nature gives each type of connective tissue its particular properties. The vascular supply varies: cartilage, none; fibrous, poor; adipose, good; and bone, abundant. Connective tissue includes the following types: areolar, adipose, fibrous, elastic, reticular, cartilage, and bone. Blood may also be considered a connective tissue. A form of connective tissue in which yellow elastic fibers predominate. It is found in certain ligaments, the walls of blood vessels, esp. Any tissue that arises from the fertilization of an ovum and has not become differentiated or specialized.
Spongy tissue, the spaces of which fill with blood, causing it to harden and expand. It is found in the penis, clitoris, and nipples. Connective tissue consisting principally of collagen fibers. Also called white fibrous or dense connective tissue; may be regular parallel fibers or irregular. In dentistry, the term used to denote any of the three calcified tissue components of the tooth: enamel, dentin, and cementum. Collections of lymphocytes in all stages of development found in the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, lymph nodules of the digestive tract tonsils, Peyer's patches , and the respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
Aggregates of T and B lymphocytes found in all mucous membranes, a line of defense against infection. Examples include Peyer's patches in the small intestine and lymph nodules in the colon, trachea, and bronchi. Bone, a connective tissue with a matrix of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate surrounding osteocytes. A type of connective tissue consisting of delicate fibers forming interlacing networks.
Fibers stain selectively with silver stains and are called argyrophil fibers. Reticular tissue supports blood cells in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen. Any noncalcified tissue in the body. This term is especially used in relation to muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin, fat, and other connective tissues that are occasionally the source of pain when they are injured. Unlike bones or joints, which can be fractured or dislocated, soft tissues are bruised or inflamed by trauma. In surgery, soft tissues are dissected. By contrast, components of the hard bony skeleton are sawed, chiselled, or drilled. Soft tissues include all types of tissue except bone, i. Youngson , Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed.
Hale, V. Saunders, J. Margham A basic anatomical and physiological component of the living organism, consisting of a collection of similar cells and their intercellular substances. Examples : connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue. Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition.
