Essay On Health Care Inequality
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Understanding America’s Health Care Inequality
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In fact, health care services become unavailable to Americans, if they cannot afford health insurance or pay for their health care services. Furthermore, the contemporary health care system suffers from the lack of financial resources, which provokes disparities in the access of Americans to health care services as well as the ability of Americans to pay for their health care services. In such a way, the lack of financial resources provokes the growing disparity in the national health care system and among Americans. In addition, many Americans suffer from the scarcity of care provides. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the fact that the number of clinics and hospitals as well as the number of health care professionals in inner cities is lower compared to other regions, where representatives of the upper- and middle-class live.
In such a way, health care services need consistent changes to close gaps and to provide health care services for all Americans on the equal basis. Finally, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the disparities in health care services are particularly obvious, when the access of Americans to health care services is analyzed in terms of race or ethnic origin. What is meant here is the fact that representatives of different racial and ethnic groups suffer from disparity in access to health care services. In this regard, the white population of the US is in a disadvantageous position compared to other Americans See App. Table 1. The statistical data prove that white Americans have wider access to health care services compared to minorities See App.
Caucasians vs. IN this regard, it is worth mentioning the fact that Native Americans suffered from the lack of health care services historically. In addition, many Native Americans prefer using traditional, Native American methods of treatment, instead of the contemporary medical services. In such a situation, Native Americans have low confidence in the contemporary health care system and they prefer using their traditional methods of treatment, which they inherited from their ancestors. In addition, many Native Americans suffer from the lack of financial resources to afford health insurance.
In other words, Native Americans cannot afford health insurance and, therefore, they cannot access health care services on the equal ground compared to Caucasians. As a result, the disadvantageous position of Native Americans prevents them from the access to effective health care services. Hispanics Similar trends can be traced in relation to Hispanic population of the US. To put it more precisely, a considerable part of Hispanic population lives in poverty.
As a result, they suffer from the lack of financial resources and they cannot afford health insurance. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the share of Caucasian population having health insurance is larger compared to the share of Hispanic population having health insurance. Hence, a number of insured Hispanics is lower compared to the number of Caucasians and, what is more, the proportion of insured Hispanic is lower compared to the share of insured Caucasians See App.
As a result Hispanic population turns out to be in a disadvantageous position compared to white Americans. At the same time, a considerable part of Hispanic population is represented by illegal immigrants, who suffer not only from the lack of financial resources to pay for health insurance but they have problems with their legal status, which prevents them from obtaining equal access to health care services compared to Caucasians. Reasons for disparities In such a context, it is important to understand reasons of such disparities in the position of Caucasian population and minorities. In actuality, the major reason of disparities in access to health care services is the lack of financial resources and the low level of income in minority communities Brodie, To put it more precisely, the lack of financial resources and the low level of income make health insurance unaffordable for representatives of minorities and for representatives of the lower-class.
At the same time, the lack of legal regulations prevents illegal immigrants, which are predominantly Hispanics, from the equal access to health care services. In such a way, illegal immigrants are in a disadvantageous position compared to American citizens because they have the low income and they have no legal status, which could allow them to receive health care services or count on any health care plan. How can these be reduced or possibly even eliminated? In actuality, the health care reform can change the situation in the national health care system for better. In this regard, health care reform should focus on the provision of all citizens with equal access to health care services.
To put it more precisely, the government should regulate legally the status of illegal immigrants as well as other citizens to provide them with the possibility to have access to health care services. In addition, the government should develop government-support program to provide uninsured Americans with the access to health care services.
Solutions In such a context, the legal changes are essential for the solution of current problems in the health care system. The area of research in health inequalities has been greatly politicized, right from the ideological context through explanatory frameworks to the various discourses that propose remedies to the problem. Reducing inequalities in health has become an integral part in as far as the UK Government policy is concerned.
The key debates related to inequalities and health in the UK, are on the causes on these inequalities and how they can be resolved. Public health in Britain today is more or less of a paradox where despite the fact that Britain now experiences greater health than it has ever experienced in history, health inequalities had remained to be stubbornly ubiquitous. Several authors have come forth to present the setbacks of health inequalities in the United Kingdom. This paper aims at identifying and critically reviewing what different authors have got say about this issue in their different works.
It has analyzed different conceptual and policy debates which are paramount in as far as inequalities in health are concerned. It has pointed out the respective material and psychosocial influences on health inequalities. The paper is quizzical on the direction ought to be taken by public health professionals in influencing policies, as well as their implementation in relation to health inequalities. This is of concern in a world where much emphasis is on wealth creation as opposed to addressing poverty. The years were a period marked by huge growth in international research and vast literature aimed at demonstrating the inequalities in health, and the governance of poverty as a potential cause of these inequalities.
Davey Smith and colleagues at the University of Bristol have made great contributions to this concept by generating evidence to support it. The findings showed a general decline in mortality between and , but that of the upper social classes was characterized by a more rapid decline. Acheson mentions 39 policies that are applicable in ameliorating health inequalities in various sectors of the economy that range from taxation to agriculture. Labonte says that there is need to go beyond just analyzing health inequalities to grappling with policy options. They are basically ideological tools which are more essential than evidence base in creation and development of policies. However, Acheson did not provide a basis for continued debate on inequalities within the government.
Acheson has been criticized by Labonte as not relating economic practices with social inequalities as he has done with social aspects and health inequalities. Acheson also failed to probe into the existence of poverty hence has left some crucial components related to health and inequalities unturned. However, this was dependant on the world-wide strength to question the unjust social structures that operate on a global level. In her work, Stewart-Brown probes into the causes of social inequality. Stewart-Brown is puzzled by the impression derived from this question. It has become more or less like a taboo in literature.
Stewart-Brown has used a contrary analytical approach different from that of Davey Smith, et al. She has borrowed from conflict management and psychotherapeutic theory. She implies that the problem of social inequalities in health can be resolved by a development in the direction of emotional literacy involving all income groups and especially those with most wealth by so doing Stewart-Brown, Davey Smith, et al. Various types of explanations have been explored in this review that entail migration, culture, artefact, behaviour, biology, socioeconomic factors and racism. They conclude by suggesting that influences falling under the different explanations would largely contribute to the production of ethnic differentials in health.
However, production of more sensitive socioeconomic indicators is required if clarity and definitiveness is to be achieved. Bolam, et al. In their article, Bolam and others explore these determinants by analysing interviews where 30 lower socioeconomic status participants engaged in the interviews. The participants were obtained from two qualitative studies on health inequalities. The debate on material and psychosocial explanations for health inequalities has imperative policy implications and especially macro-economic policy and appropriate interventions with regard to health services.
There is one important health service intervention in the UK aimed at reducing health inequalities, and this is the nation-wide programme on smoking cessation. Woods et al have noted the implementation of this programme during early implementing health action zones. Woods and others are not at all enthusiastic about this programme because it is only a rhetoric act by the government but, despite this, smoking cessation has been categorically and centrally steered. They argue that despite the fact that smoking cessation may lead to an overall population-level minimization in smoking, it have the potential of causing a wider gap than the current one in as far as health inequality is concerned.
A similar theoretical debate by Muntaner, et al. Muntaner and others have challenged the theoretical value as well as the evidence base that shows social capital to be a determinant of health inequalities. They show the use of social capital as an alternative to party politics and economic redistribution within the state and it is because of this that they are sceptical about its practical benefit in addressing health inequalities. Morrow explores the accounts of young people with regard to the community and neighbourhood while using the concept of social capital, and the effect on health inequalities. In his work, it is evident that Morrow realises the limitations of the social capital concept but Morrow has argued out that it is valuable in helping the young people explicitly understand their social environment.
Ostry, et al. In this study there was a downsizing of the employees where reduction took place in terms of number and job title. It was evident that psychosocial conditions of work were ameliorated after the downsizing but, only few workers experienced these better work conditions. Even though this was the case there was a need for future improvements based on the lessons learnt. To start with, a population based approach is very important while assessing the implication of downsizing because a long-term follow-up of the downsized workers is important.
Secondly, there is great need to pay attention to the long-term implications associated with employment and their effects on health with regard to the downsized workers and especially those who are less than 35 years. Also, the downsizing resulted in escalated levels of control, which was more steepened across the different job categories in as compared with This was considered to have health implications and mainly so for the unskilled workers where downsizing had taken place.
Lastly, the method used for assessing the working conditions needed improvement. Self-reports ought to be used in such future studies. Methodological challenges are evident in relation to evaluating the policy interventions aimed at reducing health inequalities. Evans Shito and Keskimaki have placed great attention on the description of the long term Finnish policy goal addressing health inequalities. They have outlined the barriers to successful policy programmes with regard to addressing these inequalities. In this report they have realistically evaluated five UK projects put in place so as to test the effect of five partnership models in addressing health inequalities.
The need to understand how the mechanisms used in the project were executed in the light of local and national policy change has been greatly emphasized. Lessons for programmes on health improvement in the UK, primary care groups and health action zones have been identified. Asthana and Halliday have argued about health inequalities with regard to how they should be objectively tackled in the UK.
This is in accordance with the prevailing scepticisms on the best approach to take while translating broad policy recommendations into practical actions. The value of local level initiatives has remained to be a great concern due to its implicit nature. In this book, key targets for intervention have been identified via a comprehensive exploration of the directive and procedures that lead to health inequalities across populations. The authors have examined both national policy content and local practice in determining what is applicable in addressing health inequalities, why and how it works.
The debate was centred on the most pressing problem at hand: why there was such a great gap between the different sections of the British population in relation to health and what the most ideal solution to the problem was. Evidence by Professor Marmot showed that there was a seven year gap with regard to life expectancy. There was also a 19 year gap with regard to healthy life expectancy between the lowest and the highest socioeconomic groups. Ameliorating health inequalities via trying to equalize the socioeconomic status of each and every person would be faced by major challenges.
Health agenda was considered to rhyme the environmental agenda where walking, moderate consumption of meat and cycling were encouraged Buch, This is an issue. While many reports from the Institute of Medicine, Healthy People and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality recognize a need to improve the quality of health care, barriers still remain. LGBT patients. In this paper will shows the health issues of Inequalities within healthcare interaction between Maoris and non- Maoris in New Zealand, barriers in resolving the issues and measurement being implemented to solve this issue. Globally, healthcare practitioners encounter health issues whenever and wherever they work. There are common health issues practitioners may come across wherever they work such as inequalities within healthcare interactions; different cultures, practice, values and believe of.
Firstly, the belief that an abundance of Canadians flee to the US for healthcare purposes is largely a myth Katz, Cardiff, Pascali. Over the past one hundred years, we have seen a sizable shift toward equality in the legal rights of minorities. However, this legal equality is undermined by a pervasive and broadening socioeconomic inequality, especially in regards to healthcare and education. These issues disproportionately affect minorities. This paper will first touch on two other types of inequality: civic and income.
Then it will move into how healthcare and education play. Moreover, there is implication as to why many countries have problems with health and well being as there is a sense of inequality among them i. Yet, inequality is not only global, but local as well, But, the global look will be discussed first. Globally, inequality starts with status between developed. Inequality in Healthcare Essay examples Words 6 Pages. The inequality in our current healthcare system has created a huge gap in the difference between the level and the quality of healthcare that different people receive.
Having an improved and reliable health care system available for everyone should be a priority that the government must make available.
