Light Vs Dark
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Light VS Dark - In Sound Mind [2]
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On the flip side, long-term reading in light mode may be associated with myopia. By Raluca Budiu. Recently, spurred by the introduction of dark mode in IOS 13, a reporter asked me to comment on the usability of dark mode and its popularity as a design trend. However, these questions prompted me to do a review of the academic literature on whether dark mode has any benefits for users — with normal vision or not.
I will share these findings with you. Definition: Contrast polarity is a term used to describe the contrast between the text and the background:. Dark-mode displays emit less light than light-mode ones and, because of that, they might extend battery life. But the amount of light in the environment influences not only power consumption, but also our perception. The human pupil is the gateway to the retina: through it, light reaches the eye.
As we age, the pupil decreases in size. Too small pupil sizes mean that too little light enters the eye, which impairs our ability to read or detect text, especially in low ambient light for example, at night. On the other side, as we get older, we become more susceptible to glare, and glare is particularly likely under bright light. Early studies conducted in the s seemed to point out that, for people with normal vision or corrected-to-normal vision i. Yet, several more recent studies contradict that initial finding. In particular, we will focus on two articles that involved two different types of tasks: one, published in in the journal Ergonomics, looked at visual acuity and reading performance, and the other one, published in in Applied Ergonomics , investigated performance for a glanceable-reading task — the quick reading of 1—2 words that people often engage in when they interact with a mobile phone, a smartwatch , or a car dashboard and that is involved in activities such as checking directions or attending to a notification.
None of the participants suffered from any eye diseases e. The tasks were presented in different contrast polarities — for some participants, they were in dark mode and for others they were shown in light mode. Contrast polarity was a between-subjects variable, meaning that each participant saw only tasks in one contrast polarity e. The researchers also collected pre- and post-test fatigue-related measures: participants rated their eyestrain, headache, muscle strain, back pain, and subjective well-being at the beginning of the experiment, as well as at the end. Their results showed that light mode won across all dimensions : irrespective of age, the positive contrast polarity was better for both visual-acuity tasks and for proofreading tasks.
However, the difference between light mode and dark mode in the visual-acuity task was smaller for older adults than for younger adults — meaning that, although light mode was better for older adults, too, they did not benefit from it as much as younger adults, at least in the visual-acuity task. Another study, published in the journal Human Factors by the same research group, looked at how text size interacts with contrast polarity in a proofreading task.
It found that the positive-polarity advantage increased linearly as the font size was decreased: namely, the smaller the font, the better it is for users to see the text in light mode. Interestingly, even though their performance was better in the light mode, participants in the study did not report any difference in their perception of text readability e. A lexical-decision task is more similar with the glanceable reading that we do in highly interruptible conditions such as when driving or using a mobile phone or smartwatch on the go — all of these involve quickly looking at a display and extracting the relevant information. The participants in the Agelab study had normal or corrected-to-normal vision.
They were shown character strings at two possible contrast polarities dark mode vs. The study found that lighting, polarity, and text size all had an effect on performance — in the direction perhaps expected by now: simulated daytime lead to faster judgements than simulated nighttime, light mode was better than dark mode, and bigger font was faster than smaller font. The interesting result was the significant interaction between ambient lighting and contrast polarity: during daytime, there was no significant effect of contrast polarity, but during nighttime, light mode led to better performance than dark mode.
Moreover, during nighttime it was much harder for people to read small-font text in dark mode than in light mode. The lack of effect of polarity in simulated daytime environments was somewhat surprising and inconsistent with a different older study by Buchner and Baumgartner, that also looked at bright vs dark ambient conditions. However, in that study the bright ambient light was much lower than the one used in the Agelab study think office light versus bright outdoors light. Dobres and his colleagues argue that the amount of ambient light may affect the positive-polarity advantage, with bright light leading to zero difference, but normal office light still being able to produce a difference.
The literature reviewed so far looks at one-time effects of contrast polarity on human performance. But how about long-term effects? In other words, does long-term exposure to one type of contrast polarity have any effects? Myopia or nearsightedness refers to the inability to see far objects clearly and is strongly correlated with the level of education and with reading. To see if their predisposition to myopia changed after reading, they measured the thickness of the choroid, a vascular membrane behind the retina.
The thinning of the choroid is associated with myopia. The researchers found significant thinning of this membrane when participants read text presented in light mode and significant thickening when reading text presented in dark mode. The thinning was more pronounced in participants who already had myopia. This result seems to suggest that, even though performance in light mode may be better in the short term, there may be a long-term cost associated with it.
The literature on users with impaired vision, is paradoxically, less rich than the one on people with normal vision, although there is an implicit consensus that dark mode is better at least for some people with visual impairments. Gordon Legge and his colleagues at University of Minnesota define two low-vision categories: 1 due to central-vision impairments and 2 due to cloudy ocular media. The ocular media refers to the various transparent substances in the eye, including the cornea and the lens.
The most common cause of cloudy ocular media is c ataract , which refers to the clouding of the lens and is fairly common in older people. A cataract scatters and blocks some of the light that is supposed to reach the retina through the lens and thus prevents the creation of a clear, focused image on your retina. Even as early as , a study by Sloan reported that some people with low vision prefer dark mode.
In our own accessibility studies , Kara Pernice has also seen users with low vision sometimes switching between dark and light mode in an attempt to gain clarity. Thus, dark mode may be better for people with cloudy ocular media because the display emits less light. In , Papadopoulos and Goudiras, in an article that reviewed various accessibility best practices for low-vision users, recommended the availability of dark mode in user interfaces. Medium roast beans are a great middle-ground, resulting in a more consistent level of caffeination regardless of how you measure your beans. Light vs dark roast coffee flavors are like night and day and like anything, it comes down to your personal flavor preference.
Light roast coffee has a grainy, more acidic taste, more closely resembling the raw green coffee bean. On the other end of the spectrum, a dark roast has a bitter, smoky, and slightly burnt taste. Due to the longer roasting time, dark roast beans lose most of the green coffee flavor and inevitably take on more flavors from the roasting process. With a medium roast, you get the best of both worlds.
Most medium blends are roasted until just before the second crack, right before the body of the bean starts thinning and becomes overpowered by the roasting flavors. If your coffee tastes strangely bitter, or if you get stomach aches, brain fog or jitters after drinking, these may be telltale signs that your coffee contains mold or mycotoxins. These toxins can linger in your intestinal lining, triggering inflammation and oxidative stress in your body, and over time, long-term exposure to mold and mycotoxins may lead to respiratory diseases, chronic fatigue, and even cancer.
If you're experiencing any of these symptoms after your morning cup of joe, it's time to upgrade stat! Though light, medium, and dark roast coffees all have their own unique flavor health benefits, and caffeine content, we think medium roast has the perfect balance of each extreme. With a cup of medium roast coffee, you're getting a moderate amount of caffeine, a potent dose of the health-promoting antioxidant, chlorogenic acid CGA , and a robust flavor with the perfect body and aroma. This is why we chose a medium roast for our new Clean Coffee - and then optimized it to be the best cup of coffee on the market. We've specifically designed our sourcing, processing, roasting, and packaging process to create a bean that's as healthy as it is flavorful.
To ensure our coffee delivers the maximum health benefits, we third-party test every batch to ensure the absence of mold, mycotoxins, and pesticides. But you don't have to take our word for it! Try a free sample of our Clean Coffee today and experience the difference for yourself. We guarantee it will be the tastiest cup of coffee you've ever had - and will leave you feeling great. Why Mold and Mycotoxins Might be to Blame. Want articles like this via email? Here's the sign up! Close menu. Take the Quiz! Prefer to talk? Call to order Shop by Goal. Metabolism Energy Digestion Joints Beauty.
Shop by Diet. Close cart. These three roasts also differ in health benefits and caffeine content: Light roast coffee is roasted for the shortest amount of time so the coffee beans retain much of their original flavor, making it a more acidic roast. It's also rich in antioxidants and more caffeinated than the other roasts.
